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British Columbia Item Cultural groups
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Portrait of three women and tipi

Three women in western-style dress stand in front of a tipi. Other tipis, a tree, and a structure are visible in the background. Mountains can be seen in distance.

Fred Ryckman

Group portrait of processional to lake

A man who may be a priest walks under a canopy. He is accompanied by four men who carry the canopy, four men carrying flags, and four women. A lake is visible behind the group as is a mountain in the distance.

Fred Ryckman

Group portrait of men and boys

Eleven individuals pose on the steps leading to the door of a church. The nine adults and two young boys wear western-style clothing.

Fred Ryckman

Mountain view

View from an elevated site showing mountain tops. Snow-covered evergreens appear in the foreground.

Fred Ryckman

Group portrait of men in native clothing, view two

Seven men dressed in native clothing stand facing the camera. The men on each end are only partially visible. Trees or bushes and the roof of some kind of structure are visible behind the men. A younger man or boy peeks out from behind the line of older men.

Fred Ryckman

Portrait of a smiling man in a hat

A smiling man faces the camera with his hands crossed in front of his chest. He wears western clothing, as do two other partially visible men on either side of him. They stand in front of a wooded wall.

Fred Ryckman

First Nations Chiefs, North Vancouver, B.C.

Postcard depicts a group of people standing in two rows with buildings in the background. Verso of the postcard indicates that the publisher is "The Valentine & Sons United Publishing Co. Limited" and includes an annotation in pen that reads "before visit to England / to see reigning monarch."

First Nations Chiefs, British Columbia.

Postcard depicts a group of epople standing in two rows. Verso of the postcard indicates that the publisher is "The Valentine & Sons United Publishing Co. Limited" and includes an annotation in pen that reads "Prof / Kingscote."

Two totem poles

Image depicts two poles standing in an open area. The front pole features a human-like creature on visible portion. The back pole also includes a human figure at the bottom with an owl on top. The figures on the bottom may be crest figures (Leading In or Halfway Out) or a Man of the Wild. Read's note suggests that one of these may be a Pole of Hrkyadet at Kispiox.

Three totem poles

Image depicts three totem poles, standing in an open area. Read's note under this photo indicates that the pole on the left may by a Snag-of-the-Sand-Bar pole from the House of Chief Skogum Laxhe. The pole on the right may be Chief Laxhe`s Hat-of-Tsagyem-hanak Pole. See also item a034837 for a closeup of the Snag-of-the-Sand-Bar pole.

Carving of Grizzly Bear of the Water

Image depicts a carving of a creature that resembles a bear--with fins. The carving sits on a wooden structure, possibly a carver's bench. Several buildings can be seen behind the carving platform.

Read Notes

Read's note cards detail information about three groups of totem poles and contain text and page references to Marius Barbeau's book, Totem Poles of the Gitksan, Upper Skeena River, British Columbia (published by the Canada Department of Mines and the National Museum of Canada, 1929).

Pole of Gurhsan, Gitsegyukla

Image depicts a totem pole erected in a farming area. It stands behind a rail fence and in front of a wooden barn. Read's notes state: "The Owl, or Grave-of-Gurhsan, form representation of the mythic owl. The pole dates from about 1913, was carved by Arthur Wilson, of Larksail phratry."

Pole of Mawlarhen, close up

Image depicts a close up of a totem pole, depicting the face of a human-like figure at its base. Read's note indicates this is the Pole of Mawlarhen at Gitsegyukla. "Raven at top; half pole uncarved; then large eagle, with folded wings; sitting frog; frog hanging with head down; bottom, the Man of the Comb whose hands, raised with palms forward are like native combs. Pole c1925, was about 40 years old. Erected to commemorate Mawlarhen and his sister Poking Bullhead. Carver local artist, Jimmy Good of the Fireweed phratry." See also item a034838 for another view of this pole.

Poles of Ksrarom-Larhae

Image depicts two totem poles erected very close together. Read's notes indicate that these are the Poles of Ksrarom-Larhae, located in Gitsegyukl. "Snag-of-the-Sand-Bar pole. At the bottom the monster Hagwelaworh (?), a whale-like sea monster. "

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